Emergency Trends In India

A state of emergency is a governmental declaration which suspends a few normal functions of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, alerts citizens to change their normal behaviours, or orders government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. It can also be used for suspending rights and freedoms, even if guaranteed under the constitution. Emergency is declared during a time of natural or man-made disaster, during periods of civil unrest, or following a declaration of war or situation of international or internal armed conflict. It may include right to detention without trials for period up to 48 hours.

The Indian Emergency of 26 June 1975 – 21 March 1977 was a 21-month period, when President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon request by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, declared a state of emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, effectively bestowing on her the power to rule by decree, suspending elections and civil liberties. Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan, a scholar of law, called it one of India's "blackest hours".

Many events led to emergency. Opponents had long made allegations that Gandhi's party, Congress, had practiced electoral fraud to win the 1971 elections. Congress was defeated in Gujarat by Janata Party, and even faced an all-party, no-confidence motion in Parliament. Raj Narain, who had been defeated in parliamentary election by Indira Gandhi, lodged cases of election fraud and use of state machinery for election purposes against Gandhi in the Allahabad High Court. On 12 June 1975, the Allahabad High Court found the Prime Minister guilty on the charge of misuse of government machinery for her election campaign. The court declared her election null and void and unseated her in the Lok Sabha. The court also banned her from contesting any election for an additional six years. Serious charges such as bribing voters and election malpractices were dropped. The Government cited threats to national security, as a war with Pakistan had recently been concluded.  Additional challenges of drought and the 1973 oil crisis left the economy was in bad shape. The strikes and protests had paralyzed the government and hurt the economy of the country greatly. Hence, on 25 June 1975, emergency was declared, censorship imposed and opposition leaders were arrested. Indira Gandhi devised a '20-point' economic program to increase agricultural and industrial production, improve public services and fight poverty and illiteracy. during this period.

On 5 August 1975, the Maintenance of Internal Security Act bill was approved by the parliament, giving the administration and Indian law enforcement agencies super powers - indefinite "preventive" detention of individuals, search and seizure of property without warrants, and wiretapping - in the quelling of civil and political disorder in India, as well as countering foreign-inspired sabotage, terrorism, subterfuge and threats to national security.

Criticism and accusations of the Emergency-era may be grouped as:

• Detention of people by police without charge or notification of families
• Abuse and torture of detainees and political prisoners
• Use of public and private media institutions, like the national television network Doordarshan, for government propaganda
• Forced sterilization initiated by Sanjay Gandhi.
• Destruction of the slum and low-income housing in the Turkmen Gate and Jama Masjid area of old Delhi.
• Large-scale and illegal enactment of laws (including modifications to the Constitution).

The Sikhs believed that the democratic structure stands on three pillars, namely a strong opposition, independent judiciary and free press, and emergency has destroyed all these essentials. Hence they started opposing. About 140,000 people had been arrested without trial during the twenty months of Gandhi's Emergency, of which 40,000 were Sikhs.

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS), which was seen close to opposition leaders, and with its large organizational base was seen potential of organizing protests against the Government, was also banned. The RSS defied the ban and thousands participated in Satyagraha against the ban and against the curtailment of fundamental rights. Later, the volunteers of the RSS formed underground movements for the restoration of democracy.

Other major events during emergency were:

• 26 September 1975: The Thirty-ninth Amendment, placing election of Prime Minister beyond the scrutiny of judiciary, is approved.
• 9 January 1976      : The government suspends seven freedoms guaranteed by Article 19 of the Constitution of India.
• 4 February 1976    : The Lok Sabha's life is extended by one year.
• 2 November 1976  : The Lok Sabha passes the Forty-second Amendment, making India a socialist secular republic and laying down the fundamental duties of its citizens.
• 18 January 1977    : The President dissolves the Lok Sabha.

On January 23, 1977, Gandhi called fresh elections for March and released all political prisoners. On 22 March 1977, the Janata Party gained absolute majority in elections. The Emergency officially ended on March 23, 1977.

Freedom Under Threat

Located at the southern-most corner of the Asian continent is a country known for its diverse culture, an elaborate Constitution and friendly residents, a.k.a India. Almost as diverse are the countries that border India, fondly called ‘neighbours’. On the west side lies Pakistan – a land which burns under the terrorist groups it unwillingly(or maybe willingly) hosts and dares to desire Kashmir – the northern-most Indian state it shares borders with. On the east lies China – a country known for its copies of anything and everything that ever enters the electronic market. In recent times, neighbours Pakistan and China have become major cause of distress for India.

The year 2013 has so far been a year of tragedy and loss for the country. Earlier this year, Indo-Pak border of Kashmir came under fire following the trespassing and beheading of an Indian soldier by Pakistani counterparts. Two incidents of ambush and cross-border firing were registered in subsequent weeks in August itself, which ended up in tragic death of five Indian soldiers and one injured in separate incidents. Condition at borders continues to remain cold despite the many peace talk and treaties between the two nations.

Yet another violation comes from the other neighbour, China.  According to a latest article by a notable personality, India’s bordering states are threatened by attacks from China in the near future. The country eyes the snow-clad peaks of Ladakh along Indo-China borders. The article highlights May and June of 2014 as the most vulnerable period of attacks. This notion is supported by the following facts: 

• 2014 is of political importance as general elections are due this year, especially the months of May and June. Past incidents indicate that countries are vulnerable to foreign attacks during the election period. The reason is that the election process shifts the focus of security forces more towards securing polling booths as compared to borders. This is the much needed distraction expected by infiltrators.
• Another fact that stands in support is the ageing of various military equipment such as fighter planes and ships. India’s planes are as old as 40 years and need replacement. They are to retire in 2014 but new planes will take longer to come.
• Adding more to our woes are the hilly and stormed terrains of Indo-China border. There are two major points along the border. In case of emergency, the least expected time Indian forces will take to reach these points are 13 hrs and 5 days (approx) respectively, while the Chinese can make it there in about 3-6 hours!
• The Indo-China relations have hit a new low since the recent events of trespassing and stealing security camera by Chinese soldiers have come to light. It clearly shows that things are going downhill and chances of war are likely.

Indian military experts have been continually warning the government of the conditions at the border, bu it appears that either the government is turning a deaf ear or it is sidelining the matter in view of election campaign.

The experts suggest the following preventive measures:

• The experts advice the government to strengthen its infrastructure along the border as soon as possible. The roads to border are nothing but rocky paths, and the conditions have been such since 1962. Comparing the conditions of India and China during 1962 and now, the article says that though Indians have come a long way, the development is insufficient compared to its peer. India lacks an air force base along the disputed border. On the other hand, China has constructed eight main air force bases along major areas of border, with 14 other small bases, ready to be used for war. Definitely an Infrastructural Revolution is called for India.
• Although our planes are wearing out, there are some very good fighter planes with us which, if used wisely, can turn the winds to our favour.

India celebrates its 66^th Independence Day while war looms in the vicinity, and memories of those dreaded times of 1947 cross my mind, fresh and live. I have immense faith in my people. If and when the time comes, we shall fight together yet again to protect our glory and all that matters. Meanwhile, I pray for peace and strength...Amen. 

Fifty Shades of Grey

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Why are our online identities so different from our real ones?

Our world is full of cut-throat competition and we are constantly struggling to be identified. Identity can be termed as an action conscious of itself. It emphasizes the sharing of a degree of sameness or oneness with others in a particular area or at a given point. W. H. Auden aptly quotes "Young people, who are still uncertain of their identity, often try on a succession of masks in the hope of finding the one which suits them, the one, in fact, which is not a mask." It is true that a new personality is incomplete without a new identity. A new identity gives you the opportunity to be someone you always wanted to be. It is a chance to experiment, to fake fame and success. It is an opportunity to quench the desire of being the most popular, rich and famous person you always wanted to be, without any actual consequences.

Our identity in the virtual world greatly differs from our real one because in real life we fear the uninvited judgement of society on every bit of our existence. We fear being criticized or laughed at. The youngsters want to do what’s forbidden and yet remain nameless. They want to breathe free momentarily, even if it is not real. Anonymity is one such weapon which empowers the hesitant to speak and the realistic to dream. One such example is the brutal Delhi rape case. The masses have been using internet as a platform to voice their opinions, loud and clear, and yet staying anonymous. Their voices are echoing throughout the country, shaking every pillar and will do so until justice comes our way.

Even the notorious types wear masks. The destructive minds take the aide of fake identities to target the unaware masses in unethical ways and make them victims of fraud and robbery. There are surplus examples of terrorists and hackers who have used fake names to attack government websites and banks, and stolen precious information. Online identity scams have multiplied in form and name. Recently hitting the headlines is Notre Dame star linebacker, Manti Te’o’s fake girlfriend hoax. He reportedly fell for a “catfish” i.e. someone posting fake news of his romantic relationship and death of his girlfriend who never existed! He decided to go along with the wind, mentioning a non-existent girlfriend in interviews, grieving her death. The story definitely made him the top trending term on Twitter and got him Heisman Ranking No. 2 courtesy the unnamed hacker. Such attackers vanish swiftly into the pool of anonymity and are difficult to trace unless a legal action is invoked.

You need not have evil motives for using a fake identity. For some people it is a matter of privacy and avoiding scammers. With growing technology, people, especially teenagers, are becoming more vulnerable. Revealing one’s real self puts one at the risk of exposure and exploitation. There have been numerous cases where young, innocent women meet online friends who turn out to be jerks, and end up molested and trashed. A mask helps one stay protected, be expressive or even flirty without risking physical damage. Even the U.S. Military has purchased software designed to create and control false online personas in an attempt to use social media and other websites to counter anti-U.S. messaging. A hacktivist group named Anonymous follows the concept of all people as unnamed collective. Holding up their fake shared online identity, the members of the group contribute to the society as whistle-blowers against faulting organizations or simply speak their hearts out, something which they hesitate doing in a regular society. Although the group is more famous for cyber attacks, they have also lent a hand in promoting the interests of LGBTs, freedom of speech and protesting against barbarian laws. Masked heroes like Batman and Spider-man saw injustice and fought against it. In a country where corruption is at peak and raising a voice is analogous to playing with fire, all we need are leaders with the likes of our comic heroes.

Anonymity is a coin – its two faces being the real and the fake sides of our existence. On one hand the oppressed use it to make a strong statement while on the other hand the tyrants use it to ensnare the innocent. It is a power vested in your hands to be used as you will. Whether you bait or you liberate is a matter of choice.

Friends beyond Borders

W

e live in dynamic times, a world which changes in the blink of an eye. In such transient moments, the chance of survival of a relationship appears bleak. Today, where our own fathers and cousins rape, murder and stab our backs for their selfish needs, a bond of trust across border seems chimerical. We have come to believe that humanity has ceased to exist. We have fenced ourselves from the world, because it feels safer to do so. People have started to chain down feelings for one is never sure when it may be used against oneself. We have come to believe that humanity has ceased to exist. This delusion dissolved when I met a random female foreigner on a chatting site. Out of curiosity and with the thought of showing-off my elite PR network, I contacted her through a social network. Nowadays where Indians are being abused, murdered and attacked with hate speeches, her warm words and politeness were an instant attraction. With time, common interests helped us strike a match. Her concern, efforts to cheer me up, warm re-assurances and helpful tips instilled in me a feeling that she was a friend indeed – but beyond my reach. With course of time our friendship has blossomed and strengthened, we share secrets, aspirations and ambitions. Now I have someone to hear me out when no one’s listening, a friend who grieves with me, laughs on my jokes and guides me when I’m confused. She has been my confidante and I, her vitamin. Familiarity has replaced curiosity and glorification has replaced brandishing. Though I don’t know her in person, but my heart knows our friendship is genuine. Her words motivate me, her thoughts inspire. She keeps her promises and expresses her deep desires. She confides in a friendship that no walls can contain, no despotism can enslave. So, once again, I have come to believe that love exists, friendship and trust exist, humans and humanity exists – across borders. 

Towards a brighter year

Its 31st December again! A night we all cherish, a time we love to have fun! But its a bit different this time...it is night when the nation's mourning the loss of a human being so brave and beautiful at heart. The girl who was looking forward to bright future, a married life, new hopes...everything just drowned because someone else wanted to feast on her. Tonight we mourn the soul who endured so much pain and still wanted to live. She's dead, but even in death, she shines..and our hearts are lit with hopes, hopes that every girl in the country walks free and safe...hopes that our future becomes actually bright...and hopes, that we do not lose faith in Hope ever again!
Wish you all peace, prosperity and safety..

Happy New Year!

First Interview Experience

My Interview Experience at Wipro Technologies

My dear friends, I am a student of SRM University, pursuing graduation in B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering. As a part of the placement drive, Wipro Technologies visited our campus for recruitments. As we all know that the year 2012 has been a year of economic slowdown across European nations, I too was expecting some changes in the selection process.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

The new eligibility criteria for B.tech students is :

• 60% in 12th and 6.0 CGPA in B.tech/MCA
• 2 arrears permitted in current semester, all arrears in previous semester must be cleared
• maximum gap of 2 yrs between academics

SELECTION PROCEDURE

Since I met the above mentioned criteria, I was eligible for the selection process. The selection process is as follows:

• pre-placement talk
• online test
• technical and HR interviews

ONLINE TEST

The online test was conducted by AMCAT. There were four sections in the online test namely English, technical, aptitude and comprehension. Each section has a different time allotted. The multiple choice questions(MCQ) had only one correct answer. Once answer is marked and you proceed to next question, then you cannot go back to the previous question, so one must be careful and confident while answering. There is no negative marking.

The questions were from previous year papers and very simple. There were questions from work and time,age,time and distance, permutation and computation, number series, average, probability, blood relations. All you need is speed and practice! 

I cleared the aptitude exam.

TECHNICAL AND HR INTERVIEWS

Next came the interviews. Since it was my first interview, I was a bit nervous. But all the panic vanished the moment I entered the interview room. I had prepared various subjects like data structures, DBMS, OOAD, Computer Networks, Operating Systems, C, C++, Java, Unix/Linux with DBMS and OOAD as my areas of interest.

I had an exhaustive 45 minute technical interview inclusive of HR questions, technical questions and project. My interviewer was a warm and polite person. I greeted him with a smile. I was asked these HR questions:

• Please tell me about yourself?
• About family and hometown
• My weaknesses and strengths

In strengths I mentioned my soft skills. Weakness is a tricky question. My answer was something like

"  I cannot say that I am weak in a particular subject. Learning is a continuous process which never stops so I cannot confidently say that I am strong in this because someone might have more knowledge than me..." blah blah blah...

He kept asking me again n again, finally, since he asked me the 4th time, all i said was communication skills need to be improved.  (haha)

He looked kinda impressed with the way I answered. Well, next he asked about my role in the project. I described my role. My project was Java-based so I was asked all about servlets, database connectivity and finally I had to draw an architecture of my project and explain it. Then I was asked what subjects I liked in the current semester. My reply was "Software Engineering" coz it is similar to OOAD. I was asked about models used and had to explain Waterfall model, which I did. Also I was asked questions from DBMS like concurrency, difference between various normal forms, cascading, foreign key. Lastly, my interviewer wanted to know if I had any questions for him, so with interest and enthusiasm, I asked him "What will I get to learn during training if I am selected?" He briefed me with the various courses offered during training. I thanked him and left. 

I was shortlisted for HR interview, there were the usual questions like introducing yourself, strengths and weaknesses, etc.

RESULT

I have been offered the job for 2013. The training period is 3 months with a stipend of Rs. 15,000 and post-training salary between 2.75 lacs - 3.25 lacs per annum.

MY SUCCESS MANTRA

Hard work, confidence and smile. It worked for me. Answer the questions in detail with calmness and confidence, surely you can get through and donot forget to go through your project, it is a MUST!!

Wish you Good Luck !!! For any queries contact me.